The pacemaker role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in a mammalian circadian system was
tested by neural transplantation by using a mutant strain of hamster that shows a short …

Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption are frequently observed in patients with psychiatric
disorders and neurodegenerative disease. The abnormal sleep that is experienced by these …

In the mammalian retina, besides the conventional rod–cone system, a melanopsin-associated
photoreceptive system exists that conveys photic information for accessory visual …

We have examined the effects of light on circadian locomotor rhythms in retinally degenerate
mice (C57BL/6J mice homozygous for the rd allele: rd/rd). The sensitivity of circadian …

Background Sleep difficulties might be a contributory causal factor in the occurrence of mental
health problems. If this is true, improving sleep should benefit psychological health. We …

As the ear has dual functions for audition and balance, the eye has a dual role in detecting
light for a wide range of behavioral and physiological functions separate from sight [1–11]. …

In mammals, ocular photoreceptors mediate an acute inhibition of pineal melatonin by light.
The effect of rod and cone loss on this response was assessed by combining the rd mutation …

The availability of naturally occurring and transgenic retinal mutants has made the mouse
an attractive experimental model to address questions regarding photoentrainment of …

The discovery that mice lacking rods and cones are capable of regulating their circadian
rhythms by light provided the conceptual framework for the discovery of an entirely new …

Real‐time PCR is being used increasingly as the method of choice for mRNA quantification,
allowing rapid analysis of gene expression from low quantities of starting template. Despite …