New neurons are continually recruited throughout adulthood in certain regions of the adult
mammalian brain. How these cells mature and integrate into preexisting functional circuits …

Background: In the trunk of avian embryos, neural crest migration through the somites is
segmental, with neural crest cells entering the rostral half of each somitic sclerotome but …

Multicolor fluorescence microscopy has become a popular way to discriminate between
multiple proteins, organelles, or functions in a single cell or animal and can be used to …

Immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain (HC) class switch recombination (CSR) is a late B cell
process that involves intrachromosomal DNA rearrangement. Ku70 and Ku80 form a DNA end-…

We replaced the IgH 3′ enhancer (3′E H ) region with a neomycin resistance gene in ES
cells and generated chimeric mice in which all mature lymphocytes were either …

The imaging of living cells and tissues using laser-scanning microscopy is offering dramatic
insights into the spatial and temporal controls of biological processes. The availability of …

For the past 50 years, the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) has been a popular animal
model in numerous fields of research. The quail's 16-d developmental period and its easily …

In situ hybridization methods are used across the biological sciences to map mRNA expression
within intact specimens. Multiplexed experiments, in which multiple target mRNAs are …

Background One of the least understood and most central questions confronting biologists is
how initially simple clusters or sheet-like cell collectives can assemble into highly complex …

Stimulation of B lymphocytes with a combination of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin‐4
(IL‐4) induces germline transcription of and subsequent switching to the epsilon heavy …