Opium is one of the world’s oldest drugs, and its derivatives morphine and codeine are among
the most used clinical drugs to relieve severe pain. These prototypical opioids produce …

The opioid receptor family comprises three members, the µ-, δ- and κ-opioid receptors,
which respond to classical opioid alkaloids such as morphine and heroin as well as to …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are seven-transmembrane proteins that mediate most
cellular responses to hormones and neurotransmitters, representing the largest group of …

The antidiuretic hormone arginine-vasopressin (AVP) forms a signaling complex with the V2
receptor (V2R) and the G s protein, promoting kidney water reabsorption. Molecular …

Activation of the μ-opioid receptor (μOR) is responsible for the efficacy of the most effective
analgesics. To shed light on the structural basis for μOR activation, here we report a 2.1 Å X-…

µ-Opioid receptors (µORs) are G-protein-coupled receptors that are activated by a structurally
diverse spectrum of natural and synthetic agonists including endogenous endorphin …

G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are versatile molecular machines that regulate the
majority of physiological responses to chemically diverse hormones and neurotransmitters. …

The eight metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are key modulators of synaptic
transmission and are considered promising targets for the treatment of various brain disorders. …

Adiponectin receptors (ADIPORs) are integral membrane proteins that control glucose and
lipid metabolism by mediating, at least in part, a cellular ceramidase activity 1 that catalyses …

Arrestins interact with G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) to stop G protein activation and
to initiate key signaling pathways. Recent structural studies shed light on the molecular …