Madagascar’s unique biota is heavily affected by human activity and is under intense threat.
Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the conservation status of Madagascar’s …

Madagascar’s biota is hyperdiverse and includes exceptional levels of endemicity. We review
the current state of knowledge on Madagascar’s past and current terrestrial and freshwater …

The unparalleled biodiversity found in the American tropics (the Neotropics) has attracted
the attention of naturalists for centuries. Despite major advances in recent years in our …

The past was a world of giants, with abundant whales in the sea and large animals roaming
the land. However, that world came to an end following massive late-Quaternary megafauna …

… A key point in its favor is that rich post-Mesozoic megafaunas evolved by 40 million y ago
(19) and have been characteristic of Earth’s ecosystems until the spread of Homo sapiens (20, …

The late Quaternary megafauna extinction was a severe global-scale event. Two factors,
climate change and modern humans, have received broad support as the primary drivers, but …

… For these ranges, we followed IUCN’s decisions for all species irrespective of whether or not
we agree in the assignment of natural versus introduced. For instance, we disagree with the …

… Some scenarios predict substantial species losses in the near future, possibly reaching the
levels of the five previous mass extinctions in Earth’s history within decades or centuries (3). …

… We used the taxonomy of Faurby & Svenning (2015) for this study. We did not include
potential Late Pleistocene species if no certain Late Pleistocene or Holocene records could be …

… We found that up to 20% of the earth’s land surface could be restored to faunal intactness …
that have been lost from much of Africa’s woodlands and savannas because of overhunting (eg…