Whereas co-stimulation of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) and CD28 triggers T-cell
activation, stimulation of the TCR alone may result in an anergic state or T-cell deletion, both …

… Our study’s purpose was to … ’s and Egger’s tests 22 were developed for meta-analyses of
randomized controlled trials. However, we examined funnel plots and applied the Begg’s test. P …

… C β to induce the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol bis phosphate, the consequent rise in
the intracellular concentration of Ca 2+ , and the activation of protein kinase C, whereas the α s …

… Cronbach’s alpha for the PF scale was acceptable in version 1.1 (0.98), but the item means
did not follow the hypothesized order. In addition, the correlation between the PF scale and …

… are seeking more comprehensive methods for assessing outcomes from the patient’s point-…
the patient’s point of view. While standardized questionnaires that measure the patient’s per…

This article describes the methods adopted by the International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA)
project to translate the SF-36 Health Survey. Translation methods included the …

… In lupus, the body’s immune system turns against antigens in the body’s own nuclei, with
activated B cells producing antibodies against self-DNA and associated proteins. The resulting …

… Clinical tests of validity used information from the chronic condition checklist and Zung’s
SDS to create four mutually exclusive groups that differed in the presence and severity of …

… Goodkin , Francesco Locatelli , Shunichi Fukuhara , Eric W. Young , Kiyoshi Kurokawa ,
Akira Saito , Jürgen Bommer , Robert A. … JS Rumsfeld, S. MaWhinney, M. McCarthy Jr, et al. …

… During the past decade, there has been increased focus internationally on measuring the
patient’s perspective when evaluating the burden of diseases and the benefit of treatment. Self-…