Most cancers evolve from a single founder cell through a series of clonal expansions that
are driven by somatic mutations. These clonal expansions can lead to several coexisting …

Cancer develops through a process of somatic evolution 1 , 2 . Sequencing data from a single
biopsy represent a snapshot of this process that can reveal the timing of specific genomic …

Intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) is a mechanism of therapeutic resistance and therefore an
important clinical challenge. However, the extent, origin, and drivers of ITH across cancer …

All normal somatic cells are thought to acquire mutations, but understanding of the rates,
patterns, causes and consequences of somatic mutations in normal cells is limited. The uterine …

Human epithelial tissues accumulate cancer-driver mutations with age 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ,
8 – 9 , yet tumour formation remains rare. The positive selection of these mutations suggests …

About half of all cancers have somatic integrations of retrotransposons. Here, to characterize
their role in oncogenesis, we analyzed the patterns and mechanisms of somatic …

Chromosomal instability in cancer consists of dynamic changes to the number and structure
of chromosomes 1 , 2 . The resulting diversity in somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) …

During aging, progenitor cells acquire mutations, which may generate clones that colonize
the surrounding tissue. By middle age, normal human tissues, including the esophageal …

Mapping mutant clones across the body reveals normal skin is a dense patchwork of mutant
cells. The variation in cancer risk between sites substantially exceeds that in mutant clone …

Leiomyosarcomas (LMS) are genetically heterogeneous tumors differentiating along smooth
muscle lines. Currently, LMS treatment is not informed by molecular subtyping and is …