The open field test is one of the most popular ethological tests to assess anxiety-like behavior
in rodents. In the present study, we examined the effect of early deprivation (ED), a model …

Progress in earlier detection and clinical management has increased life expectancy and
quality of life in people with Down syndrome (DS). However, no drug has been approved to …

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is involved in emotional processing, and orbitofrontal abnormalities
have often been observed in various affective disorders. Thus, chronic dysfunction of …

A high level of hippocampal brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in normally aged as
compared with young rats suggests that it is important to maintain a considerable level of …

Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) rapidly enhances excitatory synaptic transmission
in cortical slices. To date, however, a question of how long such an action persists remains …

Circadian variation in the expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) indicates
that BDNF is involved in the regulation of diurnal rhythms in a variety of biological processes. …

Segregation and stabilization of thalamocortical afferents to eye-specific patches, so-called “ocular
dominance (OD) columns,” in visual cortex are hypothesized to be based on activity-…

In adult rat brains, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) rhythmically oscillates according
to the light-dark cycle and exhibits unique functions in particular brain regions. However, …

Whenrat 3Y1fibroblastic cells are cultured toward con fluency, the cells go through maximum
cell density (overshoot) before reaching post-confluence stationary cell density. After …

During attempts to examine the phosphorylation status of extracellular signal-regulated
kinase (ERK) in cerebral cortex immunohistochemically, we determined whether deep …