Inhibitors of Mek1/2 and Gsk3β, known as 2i, enhance the derivation of embryonic stem (ES)
cells and promote ground-state pluripotency in rodents 1 , 2 . Here we show that the …

The causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, is steadily mutating during
continuous transmission among humans. Such mutations can occur in the spike (S) protein …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play pleiotropic roles during embryonic development
as well as throughout life. Recent genetic approaches especially using the mouse gene …

The low success rate of animal cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is believed
to be associated with epigenetic errors including abnormal DNA hypermethylation. Recently, …

It has now been 13 years since the first cloned mammal Dolly the sheep was generated
from somatic cells using nuclear transfer (SCNT). Since then, this technique has been …

The causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is steadily mutating during continuous …

One of the main functions of androgen is in the sexually dimorphic development of the male
reproductive tissues. During embryogenesis, androgen determines the morphogenesis of …

Although the somatic cloning technique has been used for numerous applications and basic
research of reprogramming in various species, extremely low success rates have plagued …

Although round spermatid injection can be used to create progeny for males who do not
produce mature sperm, the rate of successful embryogenesis after such procedures is …

Without using sperm, artificial oocyte activation is essential for current assisted reproductive
technologies, particularly somatic cell nuclear transfer and round spermatid injection. …