Experimental cell models are indispensable for clarifying the pathophysiology of coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome …

A liver-on-a-chip (liver-chip) is a microfluidic device carrying liver cells such as human
hepatocytes. It is used to reproduce a part of liver function. Many microfluidic devices are …

In late 2022, SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants have become highly diversified, and XBB is
spreading rapidly around the world. Our phylogenetic analyses suggested that XBB …

Liver transplantation and hepatocyte transplantation are effective treatments for severe liver
injuries, but the donor shortage is a serious problem. Therefore, hepatocyte-like cells …

In late 2022, various Omicron subvariants emerged and cocirculated worldwide. These
variants convergently acquired amino acid substitutions at critical residues in the spike protein, …

In the initial process of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects respiratory epithelial cells and then transfers to …

In late 2023, several SARS-CoV-2 XBB descendants, notably EG.5.1, were predominant
worldwide. However, a distinct SARS-CoV-2 lineage, the BA.2.86 variant, also emerged. BA.…

Infectious diseases are caused by the invasion of pathogens into a host. To explore the
mechanisms of pathogen infections and cellular responses, human models that can accurately …

To understand disease pathophysiologies, models that recapitulate human functions are
necessary. In vitro models that consist of human cells are preferred to ones using animal cells, …

Cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19 (CYP2C19), in liver, plays important
roles in terms of drug metabolism. It is known that CYP2C19 poor metabolizers (PMs) lack …