AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is viewed as an energy sensor that acts to modulate
glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. Given that protein synthesis is a …

The objectives of the present study were twofold: 1) to determine whether leucine is unique
among the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in its ability to stimulate protein synthesis in …

Diabetic retinopathy remains a frightening prospect to patients and frustrates physicians.
Destruction of damaged retina by photocoagulation remains the primary treatment nearly 50 …

BCAAs stimulate protein synthesis in in vitro preparations of skeletal muscle. Likewise, the
stimulation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle produced by intake of a mixed meal is due …

Numerous reports established that in skeletal muscle the indispensable branched-chain
amino acid leucine is unique in its ability to initiate signal transduction pathways that modulate …

We investigated the protein synthetic response of skeletal muscle to an orally administered
dose of leucine given alone or in combination with carbohydrate. Male rats were freely fed (F) …

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) binds to the mRNA 5′ cap and brings the
mRNA into a complex with other protein synthesis initiation factors and ribosomes. The …

The GCN2 eIF2α kinase is essential for activation of the general amino acid control pathway
in yeast when one or more amino acids become limiting for growth. GCN2's function in …

Oral administration of a single bolus of leucine in an amount equivalent to the daily intake (1.35
g/kg body wt) enhances skeletal muscle protein synthesis in food-deprived rats. To …

eIF2 plays a central role in the maintenance of what is generally considered a rate-limiting
step in mRNA translation. In this step, eIF2 binds GTP and Met-tRNA i and transfers Met-tRNA …