Hippocampal place cells support reward-related spatial memories by forming a cognitive map
that over-represents reward locations. The strength of these memories is modulated by the …

The adaptive regulation of fear memories is a crucial neural function that prevents inappropriate
fear expression. Fear memories can be acquired through contextual fear conditioning (…

Background The habenula consists of an evolutionarily conserved set of nuclei that control
neuromodulator release. In lower vertebrates, the dorsal habenula receives innervation from …

In the interest of advocating for the postdoctoral community in the United States (US), we
compared the results of surveys of postdocs carried out in 2019 and in late 2020. We found that …

Background Optical silencing of activity provides a way to test the necessity of neurons in
behaviour. Two light-gated anion channels, GtACR1 and GtACR2, have recently been shown …

Serotonergic neurons have been implicated in a broad range of processes, but the principles
underlying their effects remain a puzzle. Here, we ask how these neurons influence the …

Background Detection of predator cues changes the brain state in prey species and helps
them avoid danger. Dysfunctionality in changing the central state appropriately in stressful …

Background Neural activity in the vertebrate habenula is affected by ambient illumination. The
nucleus that links photoreceptor activity with the habenula is not well characterized. Here, …

Rationale Translational research, especially research that bridges studies with humans and
nonhuman species, is critical to advancing our understanding of human disorders such as …

Acetamide (CAS 60-35-5) is detected in common foods. Chronic rodent bioassays led to its
classification as a group 2B possible human carcinogen due to the induction of liver tumors …