A grand challenge of systems biology is to predict the kinetic responses of living systems to
perturbations starting from the underlying molecular interactions. Changes in the nutrient …

For the emergence of early life, the formation of biopolymers such as RNA is essential.
However, the addition of nucleotide monomers to existing oligonucleotides requires millimolar …

The overexpression of proteins is a major burden for fast-growing bacteria. Paradoxically,
recent characterization of the proteome of Escherichia coli found many proteins expressed in …

Fitness of bacteria is determined both by how fast cells grow when nutrients are abundant
and by how well they survive when conditions worsen. Here, we study how prior growth …

To break down organismal fitness into molecular contributions, costs and benefits of cellular
components must be analyzed in all phases of the organism's life cycle. Here, we establish …

Central carbon metabolism is highly conserved across microbial species, but can catalyze
very different pathways depending on the organism and their ecological niche. Here, we study …

Bacteria reorganize their physiology upon entry to stationary phase. What part of this
reorganization improves starvation survival is a difficult question because the change in physiology …

In advanced inflammatory disease, microvascular thrombosis leads to the interruption of blood
supply and provokes ischemic tissue injury. Recently, intravascularly adherent leukocytes …

Adaptive stress resistance in microbes is mostly attributed to the expression of stress response
genes, including heat-shock proteins. Here, we report a response of E. coli to heat stress …

Nanopore translocation experiments are increasingly applied to probe the secondary
structures of RNA and DNA molecules. Here, we report two vital steps toward establishing …