There is growing interest in the application of rapid quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)
and other PCR-based methods for recreational water quality monitoring and …

Objective—To determine the antinociceptive effects of oxymorphone, butorphanol, and
acepromazine individually and in combination to a noxious visceral stimulus in cats. Study Design…

Rats were trained for multiple sessions in a place-conditioning shuttle-box to explore
motivational interactions of mu and kappa opioid agonists, specifically fentanyl reward and …

There is interest in the application of rapid quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)
methods for recreational freshwater quality monitoring of the fecal indicator bacteria …

We evaluated data from 10 laboratories that analyzed water samples from 82 recreational
water sites across the state of Michigan between 2016 and 2018. Water sample replicates …

The authors review the opioid literature for evidence of increased analgesia and reduced
adverse side effects by combining muopioid-receptor (MOR) agonists, kappa-opioid-receptor (…

Spiradoline (U62066E) a racemic mixture of the two enantiomers U63639(+) and U63640(−),
appears to have kappa opioid receptor activity, but the contribution of each enantiomer …

Michigan's water-quality standards specify that E. coli concentrations at bathing beaches
must not exceed 300 E. coli per 100 mL, as determined by the geometric mean of culture-based …

Fecal pollution remains a challenge for water quality managers at Great Lakes and inland
recreational beaches. The fecal indicator of choice at these beaches is typically Escherichia …

Changes in colonic motility in rats following intravenous (IV) oxymorphone (0.1 mg/kg), atropine
(0.1 mg/kg), or saline were monitored to determine whether opioid-induced changes in …