Vocalizations are of pivotal importance for many animals, yet sound propagation in air is
severely limited. To expand their vocalization range, animals can produce high-intensity sounds…

Regulated torpor and unregulated hypothermia are both characterized by substantially
reduced body temperature (T b ) and metabolic rate (MR), but they differ physiologically. …

Endothermic arousal from torpor is an energetically costly process and imposes enormous
demands on the cardiovascular system, particularly during early stage arousal from low body …

While heart rate (f H ) has been used as an indicator of energy expenditure, quantitative
data showing the relationship between these variables are only available for normothermic …

Numerous bats use the troposphere for hunting, commuting, or migrating. High-altitude
flying bats face various direct and indirect threats, including collision with tall anthropogenic …

The efficiency with which flying animals convert metabolic power to mechanical power dictates
an individual's flight behaviour and energy requirements. Despite the significance of this …

Torpor, and its differential expression, is essential to the survival of many mammals and birds.
Physiological characteristics of torpor appear to vary between those species that express …

While torpor is a beneficial energy-saving strategy, it may incur costs if an animal is unable
to respond appropriately to external stimuli, which is particularly true when it is necessary to …

Although roost choice in bats has been studied previously, little is known about how opposing
roost colours affect the expression of torpor quantitatively. We quantified roost selection …

Energy conservation is paramount for small mammals because of their small size, large
surface area to volume ratio, and the resultant high heat loss to the environment. To survive on …