We propose a new regularization method based on virtual adversarial loss: a new measure
of local smoothness of the conditional label distribution given input. Virtual adversarial loss …

Animal behaviors are reinforced by subsequent rewards following within a narrow time
window. Such reward signals are primarily coded by dopamine, which modulates the synaptic …

Motivation: Gene expression profile analyses have been used in numerous studies covering
a broad range of areas in biology. When unreliable measurements are excluded, missing …

In reinforcement learning (RL), the duality between exploitation and exploration has long been
an important issue. This paper presents a new method that controls the balance between …

Dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) are densely expressed in the striatum and have been
linked to neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia 1 , 2 . High-affinity binding of …

We propose local distributional smoothness (LDS), a new notion of smoothness for statistical
model that can be used as a regularization term to promote the smoothness of the model …

… Masa-aki Sato and Shin Ishii … Our method can also be applied to reinforcement
learning (Sato & Ishii, 1999) and the reconstruction of nonlinear dynamics (Ishii & Sato, 1998). …

Affinity chromatography is very useful in the investigation and characterization of specific
interaction between biomolecules. Frontal analysis in affinity chromatography is advantageous …

Brain signals measured over a series of experiments have inherent variability because of
different physical and mental conditions among multiple subjects and sessions. Such …

Making optimal decisions in the face of uncertain or incomplete information arises as a
common problem in everyday behavior, but the neural processes underlying this ability remain …