The activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is central to innate and adaptive immunity 1 , 2 ,
3 . All TLRs use the adaptor MyD88 for signalling 4 , but the mechanisms underlying the …

Environmental stressors during childhood and adolescence influence postnatal brain
maturation and human behavioral patterns in adulthood. Accordingly, excess stressors result in …

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) drive T helper type 1 (T H 1) differentiation, but
the mechanisms underlying the regulation of the complicated gene networks involved in this …

The intestinal immune system interacts with commensal microbiota to maintain gut
homeostasis. Furthermore, stress alters the microbiome composition, leading to impaired brain …

Paracrine and endocrine roles have increasingly been ascribed to extracellular vesicles (EVs)
generated by multicellular organisms. Central to the biogenesis, content, and function of …

Recent studies suggested that microglia, the primary brain immune cells, can affect circuit
connectivity and neuronal function 1 , 2 . Microglia infiltrate the neuroepithelium early in …

Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) and Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) are promising susceptibility
factors for schizophrenia. Both are multifunctional proteins with roles in a variety of …

A growing body of evidence suggests the involvement of inflammatory processes in the
pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Four- to 8-week exposure to cuprizone, a copper chelator, …

Astrocytes and microglia play critical roles in brain inflammation. Here, we report that
glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), particularly GSTM1, promote proinflammatory signaling in …

Schizophrenia is a common neuropsychiatric disorder that has a strong genetic component.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric …