Plants possess a single subfamily of Rho GTPases, ROP, which does usual things as do
Rho-family GTPases in animal and fungal systems, namely participating in the spatial control of …

Auxin is a multifunctional hormone essential for plant development and pattern formation. A
nuclear auxin-signaling system controlling auxin-induced gene expression is well …

Cytokinins play crucial roles in diverse aspects of plant growth and development. Spatiotemporal
distribution of bioactive cytokinins is finely regulated by metabolic enzymes. LONELY …

The shoot apical meristem (SAM) is the fundamental structure that is located at the growing
tip and gives rise to all aerial parts of plant tissues and organs, such as leaves, stems and …

Auxin-binding protein 1 (ABP1) was discovered nearly 40 years ago and was shown to be
essential for plant development and morphogenesis, but its mode of action remains unclear. …

Cell polarization via asymmetrical distribution of structures or molecules is essential for
diverse cellular functions and development of organisms, but how polarity is developmentally …

RNA interference (RNAi) in plants can move from cell to cell, allowing for systemic spread of
an antiviral immune response. How this cell-to-cell spread of silencing is regulated is …

PIN-FORMED (PIN) protein-mediated auxin polar transport is critically important for
development, pattern formation, and morphogenesis in plants. Auxin has been implicated in the …

Endomembrane trafficking relies on the coordination of a highly complex, dynamic network
of intracellular vesicles. Understanding the network will require a dissection of cargo and …

Trivalent rare earth elements (REEs) are widely used in agriculture. Aerially applied REEs
enter leaf epidermal cells by endocytosis and act systemically to improve the growth of the …