B7-1 and B7-2 are generally thought to have comparable structures and affinities for their
receptors, CD28 and CTLA-4, each of which is assumed to be bivalent. We show instead (1) …

The structurally related T cell surface molecules CD28 and CTLA-4 interact with cell surface
ligands CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) on antigen-presenting cells (APC) and modulate T …

▪ Abstract Over the past decade, key protein interactions contributing to T cell antigen
recognition have been characterized in molecular detail. These have included interactions …

Optimal immune responses require both an antigen-specific and a co-stimulatory signal. The
shared ligands B7-1 and B7-2 on antigen-presenting cells deliver the co-stimulatory signal …

How the T cell receptor engages antigen is known, but not how that 'triggers' intracellular
signaling. The first direct support for a mechanism based on the spatial reorganization of …

The protein-protein interaction underlying l&and recogmtion by CD2 must ensure sprcifuty
while allowing for wry weak binding. The CD5Rbmdmg site on human CD2 has nuw brrn …

Although there has been much success in identifying genetic variants associated with
common diseases using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) 1 , it has been difficult to …

Far-field optical microscopy using focused light is an important tool in a number of scientific
disciplines including chemical,(bio) physical and biomedical research, particularly with …

According to the two-signal model of T cell activation, costimulatory molecules augment T
cell receptor (TCR) signaling, whereas adhesion molecules enhance TCR–MHC-peptide …

PD-1, a receptor expressed by T cells, B cells, and monocytes, is a potent regulator of immune
responses and a promising therapeutic target. The structure and interactions of human PD…