Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the initial rate‐limiting step in the degradation
of the essential amino acid tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway. When discovered …

Polyamines (ie, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are bioactive polycations capable of
binding nucleic acids and proteins and modulating signaling pathways. Polyamine functions …

Src is a protein tyrosine kinase commonly activated downstream of transmembrane
receptors and plays key roles in cell growth, migration, and survival signaling pathways. In …

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a tryptophan metabolizing enzyme chronically
activated in many cancer patients and its expression and activity correlate with a poor prognosis…

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2) is a paralog of Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1),
a tryptophan-degrading enzyme producing immunomodulatory molecules. However, the …

Over the last two decades, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has attracted wide
interest as a key player in immune regulation, fostering the design and development of small …

The tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a plastic
immune checkpoint molecule that potently orchestrates immune responses within the tumor …

Neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) has a key role in the homeostasis of IgG. Despite its
physiological and clinical importance, the interaction of IgG and FcRn remains not completely …

Immunoglobulin repertoires contain a fraction of antibodies that recognize low molecular
weight compounds, including some enzymes’ cofactors, such as heme. Here, by using a set of …

Therapeutic intravenous immunoglobulin preparations (IVIg) are used for treatment of wide
range of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Versatile mechanisms have been reported …