Detection of the genomic basis of local adaptation to environmental conditions is challenging
in forest trees. Phytochromes (PHY) and cryptochromes (CRY) perceive the red (R)/far‐red …

Main conclusion Gymnosperms respond differently to light intensity and R:FR; although
some aspects of shade response appear conserved, yet underlying mechanisms seem to be …

During the growth season, northern forests in Sweden daily receive more hours of far‐red (FR)‐enriched
light or twilight (shade) as compared to southern forests. Norway spruce (shade…

Main conclusion Transcriptomic and exome capture analysis reveal an adaptive cline for
shade tolerance in Norway spruce. Genes involved in the lignin pathway and immunity seem to …

Background Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the process in which somatic embryos develop
from somatic tissue in vitro on medium in most cases supplemented with growth regulators. …

We investigated the response to increasing intensity of red (R) and far‐R (FR) light and to a
decrease in R:FR ratio in Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) seedling. The results showed that …

Background Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) derived from Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs)
belong to the expressed fraction of the genome and are important for gene regulation, …

Many genes have been lost from the prokaryote plastidial genome during the early events of
endosymbiosis in eukaryotes. Some of them were definitively lost, but others were relocated …

Shade is a stressful condition for plants characterized by low Red:Far‐Red (R:FR) ratio. The
northern latitudes in Sweden daily receive more hours of FR‐enriched light (twilight) or …

Plant life cycle begins with germination of seed below the ground. This is followed by
seedling’s development in the dark: skotomorphogenesis; and then a light-mediated growth: …