Extrasynaptic actions of glutamate are limited by high-affinity transporters expressed by
perisynaptic astroglial processes (PAPs): this helps maintain point-to-point transmission in …

Gap junction coupling enables astrocytes to form large networks. Its strength determines
how easily a signalling molecule diffuses through the network and how far a locally initiated …

The fine processes of single astrocytes can contact many thousands of synapses whose
function they can modulate through bi-directional signaling. The spatial arrangement of …

Astrocytes modulate and support neuronal and synapse function via numerous mechanisms
that often rely on diffusion of signalling molecules, ions or metabolites through extracellular …

Action potential (AP) generation is the key to information-processing in the brain. Although
APs are normally initiated in the axonal initial segment, developmental adaptation or …

Long‐term modifications of astrocyte function and morphology are well known to occur in
epilepsy. They are implicated in the development and manifestation of the disease, but the …

Astroglia generate molecular signals essential for synaptic plasticity while constraining
extrasynaptic escape of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. The degree of glutamate …

Living cells had evolved with high intracellular concentration of K+ and with low concentration
of Na+. Transmembrane gradients of these ions drive cellular excitability. Therefore, …

Astroglia generate molecular signals essential for synaptic plasticity while constraining
extrasynaptic escape of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. The degree of glutamate …

In the past decades astrocytes have been demonstrated to play an important role in physiological
brain processes but also neurodegenrative diseases. Their characteristic morphology …