The immune cytokine tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has
received significant attention as a cancer therapeutic due to its ability to selectively trigger …

Deciphering immune recognition is critical for understanding a broad range of diseases and
for the development of effective vaccines and immunotherapies. Efforts to do so are limited …

Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating leukocyte and the first point of contact
between many drug delivery formulations and human cells. Despite their prevalence and …

The Global Vaccine Action Plan 2011–2020 (GVAP) aims to extend the full benefit of vaccination
against vaccine-preventable diseases to all individuals. More than halfway through the …

Maintaining and limiting T cell responses to constant stimulation with antigen are critical to
control pathogens and maintain self-tolerance, respectively. Antigen recognition by T cell …

Clinical laboratory reference intervals provide valuable information to medical practitioners
in their interpretation of quantitative laboratory test results, and therefore are critical in the …

The COVID-19 pandemic illustrates the need for pandemic preparedness to be considered
a global rather than a national metric. The 2005 International Health Regulations and …

T cells receive continuous antigenic stimulation in peripheral tolerance, cancer, and chronic
infection. Persistent antigen exposure induces an initial cellular response. However, over …

Adoptive T cell transfer (ACT) is a new area of transfusion medicine involving the infusion of
lymphocytes to mediate antitumor, antiviral, or anti-inflammatory effects. The field has rapidly …

T cells require the protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45 to detect and respond to antigen
because it activates the Src family kinase Lck, which phosphorylates the T cell antigen receptor (…