Cell-mediated immunity stems from the proliferation of naive T lymphocytes expressing T
cell antigen receptors (TCRs) specific for foreign peptides bound to host major …

Peptide:MHC II complexes derived from a fluorescent antigen were detected in vivo to
identify the cells that present subcutaneously injected antigen to CD4 T cells. Skin-derived …

Physical detection of antigen-specific CD4 T cells has revealed features of the in vivo
immune response that were not appreciated from in vitro studies. In vivo, antigen is initially …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a major contributor to inflammatory diseases, such as
Crohn disease and type 2 diabetes 1 , 2 . ER stress induces the unfolded protein response, …

The balance between T helper type 1 (Th1) and T helper type 2 (Th2) cells determines the
outcome of many important diseases. Using cloned murine T cell lines, evidence is provided …

Flagellin is secreted by many enteric bacteria and, upon reaching the basolateral membrane
of the intestinal epithelium, activates Toll-like receptor 5-mediated innate immune signaling …

CD4+ T cells are important for resistance to infection with Salmonella typhimurium. However,
the Ag specificity of this T cell response is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that a …

T cell activation by dendritic cells (DCs) is critical to the initiation of adaptive immune responses
and protection against pathogens. Here, we demonstrate that a specialized DC subset in …

A novel adoptive transfer system was used to track the fate of naive Salmonella-specific CD4
T cells in vivo. These cells showed signs of activation in the Peyer's patches as early as 3 …

Resolution of infection with attenuated Salmonella is an active process that requires CD4 +
T cells. Here, we demonstrate that costimulation via the surface molecule CD28, but not …