The chemokine receptor 5 (CKR5) protein serves as a secondary receptor on CD4 + T
lymphocytes for certain strains of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1). The CKR5 …

High-quality and complete reference genome assemblies are fundamental for the application
of genomics to biology, disease, and biodiversity conservation. However, such assemblies …

Molecular phylogenetic studies have resolved placental mammals into four major groups,
but have not established the full hierarchy of interordinal relationships, including the position …

The precise hierarchy of ancient divergence events that led to the present assemblage of
modern placental mammals has been an area of controversy among morphologists, …

A selective advantage against infectious disease associated with increased heterozygosity
at the human major histocompatibility complex [human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and …

Natural killer (NK) cells provide defense in the early stages of the innate immune response
against viral infections by producing cytokines and causing cytotoxicity 1. The killer …

Natural killer (NK) cells provide a central defense against viral infection by using inhibitory
and activation receptors for major histocompatibility complex class I molecules as a means of …

Comparative genomic analyses of primates offer considerable potential to define and understand
the processes that mold, shape, and transform the human genome. However, primate …

Bats make up more than 20% of extant mammals, yet their evolutionary history is largely
unknown because of a limited fossil record and conflicting or incomplete phylogenies. Here, we …

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes (HLA in humans) regulate the immune response
to foreign antigens. Molecular and serologic techniques were used to identify products …