Background. In 1999, meningococcal serogroup C conjugate (MCC) vaccines were introduced
in the United Kingdom for those under 19 years of age. The impact of this intervention on …

Lower and upper respiratory infections are the fourth highest cause of global mortality (
Lozano et al., 2012 ). Epidemic and pandemic outbreaks of respiratory infection are a major …

Diarrhea remains one of the main sources of morbidity and morbidity in todays world and a
large proportion is caused by diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. They are a particuar problem in …

Background Alterations in the composition of the lung microbiome associated with adverse
clinical outcomes, known as dysbiosis, have been implicated with disease severity and …

Background Invasive pneumococcal disease remains an important health priority owing to
increasing disease incidence caused by pneumococci expressing non-vaccine serotypes. We …

Despite aggressive antibiotic therapy, bronchopulmonary colonization by Pseudomonas
aeruginosa causes persistent morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF). Chronic P. …

Background The aetiology of acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) is incompletely
understood. Understanding the relationship between chronic bacterial airway infection and viral …

The seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was added to the UK national
immunisation programme in September 2006. PCV13 replaced PCV7 in April 2010. As …

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 remains a significant cause of morbidity and
mortality worldwide, despite inclusion in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). …

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major respiratory tract pathogen causing pneumococcal
disease mainly in children aged less than five years and in the elderly. Ninety-eight different …