Leptospirosis is an infectious disease of worldwide distribution that is caused by pathogenic
spirochete bacteria of the genus Leptospira. It is transmitted by the urine of an infected …

Background A three-dose, oral rotavirus vaccine (Rotavac) was introduced in the universal
immunization program in India in 2016. A prelicensure trial involving 6799 infants was not …

Hepatitis B is a disease of the liver caused by Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. HBV is
transmitted through contact with infected blood or body fluids, unprotected sexual intercourse and …

Vaccination is recommended throughout life to prevent infectious diseases and their sequelae.
Vaccines are crucial to prevent mortality in that >25% of deaths are due to infections. …

Yellow fever (YF) is an acute viral communicable disease transmitted by an arbovirus of the
Flavivirus genus. It is primarily a zoonotic disease, especially the monkeys. Worldwide, an …

Background: Children under five years of age are most vulnerable to the vicious cycles of
malnutrition, disease/infection and resultant disability all of which influence the present …

Typhoid fever is a serious systemic infection, caused by the enteric pathogen Salmonella
enterica serovar Typhi, a highly virulent and invasive enteric bacterium. This disease occurs in …

The influenza virus A, B and C causes disease in humans, birds and animals. The influenza
type A causes moderate to severe illness in all age groups of humans while the illness …

Background: Global Nutrition Targets 2025 specified a set of six global nutrition targets, and
one aim is to achieve a 40% reduction in the number of children under 5 years of age who …

Malaria is a major public health problem, afflicting ~36% of the world’s population. The World
Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that there were 216 million cases of malaria in …