We generated genome-wide data from 69 Europeans who lived between 8,000–3,000 years
ago by enriching ancient DNA libraries for a target set of almost 400,000 polymorphisms. …

The processes that shaped modern European mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation remain
unclear. The initial peopling by Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers ~42,000 years ago and the …

Haplogroup H dominates present-day Western European mitochondrial DNA variability (>40%),
yet was less common (~19%) among Early Neolithic farmers (~5450 BC) and virtually …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health
problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated …

Starting from 12,000 years ago in the Middle East, the Neolithic lifestyle spread across
Europe via separate continental and Mediterranean routes. Genomes from early European …

10.7554/eLife.36666.001 The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most widespread human
pathogens known today, yet its origin and evolutionary history are still unclear and …

As an infectious disease, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major causes of death worldwide.
Paleopathological and paleomicrobiological studies indicate a long standing association of …

Ancient DNA (aDNA) analyses necessitate the destructive sampling of archaeological material.
Currently, the cochlea, part of the osseous inner ear located inside the petrous pyramid, …

Human expansion in the course of the Neolithic transition in western Eurasia has been one
of the major topics in ancient DNA research in the last 10 years. Multiple studies have shown …

Agriculture first reached the Iberian Peninsula around 5700 BCE. However, little is known
about the genetic structure and changes of prehistoric populations in different geographic …