The bacteria cell envelope is a complex multilayered structure that serves to protect these
organisms from their unpredictable and often hostile environment. The cell envelopes of most …

The peptidoglycan layers of many gram-positive bacteria are densely functionalized with
anionic glycopolymers known as wall teichoic acids (WTAs). These polymers play crucial roles …

Elongation of rod-shaped bacteria is mediated by a dynamic peptidoglycan-synthetizing
machinery called the Rod complex. Here we report that, in Bacillus subtilis, this complex is …

The essential mammalian enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (O-GlcNAc
transferase, here OGT) couples metabolic status to the regulation of a wide variety of cellular …

Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus depends on the production of mecA, which
encodes penicillin-binding protein 2A (PBP2A), an acquired peptidoglycan transpeptidase (…

Figure 2. HREELS of the c (2X2)-N surface exposed to 10" 7 Torr of H2 at 400 Kfor 50 min (wide
range spectrum) and growth of NH stretching vibration peakat 3190 cm" 1 in the …

The peptidoglycan cell wall is essential for the survival and morphogenesis of bacteria 1 .
For decades, it was thought that only class A penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and related …

Visualization of the reaction coordinate undertaken by glycosyltransferases has remained
elusive but is critical for understanding this important class of enzyme. Using substrates and …

One of the major differences between Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms is the
presence or absence of an outer membrane (Figure 1). In Gram-negative organisms, the outer …

As quantitative studies on primate positional behavior accumulate the lack of a standard
positional mode terminology is becoming an increasingly serious deficiency. Inconsistent use of …