… , we also found that inhibition of cell proliferation by aphidicolin or hydroxyurea treatment
leads to an incomplete regeneration of head structures after 36 hr (Hobmayer and Holstein, …

… indicated that the first phase of neurogenic gene expression in Nematostella embryos is
not inhibited by administration of the exogenous Bmp protein (Watanabe and Holstein unpubl. …

The generation of biological complexity by the acquisition of novel modular units is an emerging
concept in evolutionary dynamics. Here, we review the coordinate evolution of cnidarian …

Wnt genes are important regulators of embryogenesis and cell differentiation in vertebrates
and insects. New data revealed by comparative genomics have now shown that members of …

The freshwater cnidarian Hydra was first described in 1702 1 and has been the object of
study for 300 years. Experimental studies of Hydra between 1736 and 1744 culminated in the …

Cnidarians are among the simplest extant animals; however EST analyses reveal that they
have a remarkably high level of genetic complexity. In this article, we show that the full …

Cnidarians are the simplest metazoans with a nervous system. They are well known for their
regeneration capacity, which is based on the restoration of a signalling centre (organizer). …

Regeneration is widespread throughout the animal kingdom, but our molecular understanding
of this process in adult animals remains poorly understood. Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays …

The Wnt gene family encodes secreted signalling molecules that control cell fate in animal
development and human diseases 1 . Despite its significance, the evolution of this metazoan-…

Members of the Wnt/wingless family of secreted proteins act as short-range inducers and
long-range organizers during axis formation, organogenesis and tumorigenesis in many …