Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) affects immature B lymphocytes of the bursa of
Fabricius and may cause significant immunosuppression. It continues to be a leading cause of …

Newly hatched chickens are confronted by a wide array of pathogenic microbes because
their adaptive immune defences have limited capabilities to control these pathogens. In such …

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 lineage
(GsGd), which threaten the health of poultry, wildlife and humans, are spreading across …

With the ongoing intensification of the poultry industry and the continuous need to control
pathogens, there is a critical need to extend our understanding of the avian immune system …

Full article: Characterization of neurotropic HPAI H5N1 viruses with novel genome constellations
and mammalian adaptive mutations in free-living mesocarnivores in Canada Skip to …

From 2016 to 2020, high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viruses circulated in Asia,
Europe, and Africa, causing waves of infections and the deaths of millions of wild and …

Selenium supplementation in poultry feeds has been known to have beneficial effects on the
bird health and performance; however antiviral effects of selenium have remained largely …

Mucosal vaccine delivery systems have paramount importance for the induction of mucosal
antibody responses. Two studies were conducted to evaluate immunogenicity of inactivated …

In poultry, systemic administration of commercial vaccines consisting of inactivated avian
influenza virus (AIV) requires the simultaneous delivery of an adjuvant (water-in-oil emulsion). …

The impact of low pathogenic influenza viruses such as subtype H9N2, which infect the
respiratory and the gastrointestinal tracts of chickens, on microbial composition are not known. …