For more than 140 years, pollen tube guidance in flowering plants has been thought to be
mediated by chemoattractants derived from target ovules 1 . However, there has been no …

Upon gamete fusion, animal egg cells secrete proteases from cortical granules to establish
a fertilization envelope as a block to polyspermy 1 , 2 , 3 – 4 . Fertilization in flowering plants …

Double fertilization is the defining characteristic of flowering plants. However, the molecular
mechanisms regulating the fusion of one sperm with the egg and the second sperm with the …

In contrast to animals and lower plant species, sperm cells of flowering plants are non-motile
and are transported to the female gametes via the pollen tube, ie the male gametophyte. …

Pollen-pistil interactions establish interspecific/intergeneric pre-zygotic hybridization barriers
in plants. The rejection of undesired pollen at the stigma is crucial to avoid outcrossing but …

Sperm cells of seed plants have lost their motility and are transported by the vegetative pollen
tube cell for fertilization, but the extent to which they regulate their own transportation is a …

Cell–cell communication and interaction is critical during fertilization and triggers free
cytosolic calcium ([Ca 2+ ] cyto ) as a key signal for egg activation and a polyspermy block in …

Pollen tube guidance precedes the double fertilization of flowering plants. Here, we report
the identification of a small maize protein of 94 amino acids involved in short-range signaling …

Sperm cells of flowering plants are non-motile and thus require transportation to the egg
apparatus via the pollen tube to execute double fertilization. During its journey, the pollen tube …

In flowering plants, fertilization requires complex cell-to-cell communication events between
the pollen tube and the female reproductive tissues, which are controlled by extracellular …