Spiders are diverse, predatory arthropods that have inhabited Earth for around 400 million
years. They are well known for their complex venom systems that are used to overpower their …

Spiders use venom to subdue their prey, but little is known about the diversity of venoms in
different spider families. Given the limited data available for orb-weaver spiders (Araneidae), …

Influenza is a severe contagious disease caused by influenza A and B viruses. The WHO
estimates that annual outbreaks lead to 3–5 million severe infections of which approximately 10…

Terrestrial salamanders of the genus Salamandra represent one of the most prominent groups
of amphibians. They are mainly distributed across Europe but also reach Northern Africa …

Hybridization can leave genealogical signatures in an organism's genome, originating from
the parental lineages and persisting over time. This potentially confounds phylogenetic …

Venoms have evolved> 100 times in all major animal groups, and their components, known
as toxins, have been fine-tuned over millions of years into highly effective biochemical …

The mygalomorph spiders in the family Theraphosidae, also known as “tarantulas”, are one
of the most popular and diverse groups of arachnids, but their evolutionary history remains …

Linear cationic venom peptides are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that exert their effects by
damaging cell membranes. These peptides can be highly specific, and for some, a significant …

The venom of honeybees is composed of numerous peptides and proteins and has been
used for decades as an anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent in traditional medicine. …

Venoms are complex chemical arsenals that have evolved independently many times in the
animal kingdom. Venoms have attracted the interest of researchers because they are an …