This review focuses on the effects of phorbol esters and the role of phorbol ester receptors
in the secretion of neurotransmitter substances. We begin with a brief background on the …

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome is a chronic bladder condition associated with pain
and voiding dysfunction that is often regarded as a neurogenic cystitis. Patient symptoms …

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) regulates diverse physiological functions, including
bladder control. We recently reported that Crf expression is under genetic control of Aoah, the …

The potential role of A 1 adenosine receptors in modulating neuromuscular transmission in
the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder has been tested in human and murine …

Rab3A, a small GTP‐binding protein attached to synaptic vesicles, has been implicated in
several stages in the process of neurosecretion, including a late stage occurring just prior to …

Nicotinic receptors and P2X ATP receptors both incorporate transmembrane cation channels
as part of the receptor moiety. However, the nicotinic and P2X ATP receptors are regarded …

A study was made to determine if constitutively active adenosine receptors are present at
mouse motor nerve endings. In preparations blocked by low Ca 2+ /high Mg 2+ solution, 8-…

1 Phorbol esters and adenosine modulate transmitter release from frog motor nerves through
actions at separate sites downstream of calcium entry. However, it is not known whether …

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ethanol is known to have both pre‐synaptic and post‐synaptic
effects at a range of loci in the mammalian nervous system, including the neuromuscular …

The use of binomial analysis as a tool for determining the sites of action of neuromodulators
may be complicated by the nonuniformity of release probability. One of the potential sources …