Toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic models (TKTD models) simulate the time-course of processes
leading to toxic effects on organisms. Even for an apparently simple endpoint as survival, a …

The environmental risk of chemicals is routinely assessed by comparing predicted exposure
levels to predicted no-effect levels for ecosystems. Although process-based models are …

Models based on Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory offer important advantages in the
interpretation of toxicant effects on life-history traits. In contrast to descriptive approaches, they …

Stressors, such as toxicants, can cause mortality among organisms. Interestingly, not all
individuals will die at the same time in the same exposure treatment, and the number of deaths …

Earthworms take up organic compounds through their skin as well as from their food, but the
quantitative contribution of each route is unclear. In this contribution, we experimentally …

Standard toxicity tests are performed at one constant, optimal temperature (usually 20 C),
while in the field variable and suboptimal temperatures may occur. Lack of knowledge on the …

Body residues are often better estimates of the amount of a chemical at the sites of toxic
action in an organism than ambient soil concentrations, because bioavailability differences …

Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory was designed to understand the dynamics of
biological systems from cells to populations and ecosystems via a mass balance approach of …

The risk posed by soil contaminants strongly depends on their bioavailability. In this study, a
partition-based sampling method was applied as a tool to estimate bioavailability in soil. …

Typical approaches for analyzing mixture ecotoxicity data only provide a description of the
data; they cannot explain observed interactions, nor explain why mixture effects can change …