Almost 60 years have passed since the initial discovery by Hubel and Wiesel that changes
in neuronal activity can elicit developmental rewiring of the central nervous system (CNS). …

The olfactory system’s ability to detect and discriminate between the vast array of chemicals
present in the environment is critical for an animal’s survival. In mammals, the first step of …

Cre/loxP technology has revolutionized genetic studies and allowed for spatial and
temporal control of gene expression in specific cell types. Microglial biology has particularly …

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a devastating psychiatric condition affecting numerous brain systems.
Recent studies have identified genetic factors that confer an increased risk of SZ and …

Microglial phagocytosis of apoptotic debris prevents buildup damage of neighbor neurons
and inflammatory responses. Whereas microglia are very competent phagocytes under …

Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is a transcription factor necessary for the maturation of
microglia, as well as other peripheral immune cells. It also regulates the transition of microglia …

Abstract Changes in inflammatory cascades have been implicated in the underlying
pathophysiology of psychosis. Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) has been used to assess …

Maternal infection during pregnancy increases the offspring's risk of developing neurodevelopmental
disorders. While IL-6 is involved, the mechanism by which IL-6 and other cytokines …

Astrocytes and microglia are emerging key regulators of activity-dependent synapse
remodeling that engulf and remove synapses in response to changes in neural activity. Yet, the …

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections can cause neuropsychiatric sequelae in children
due to post-infectious encephalitis. Multiple GAS infections induce migration of Th17 …