Since prehistoric times, left-handed individuals have been ubiquitous in human populations,
exhibiting geographical frequency variations. Evolutionary explanations have been …

Research into Heliconius butterflies has made a significant contribution to evolutionary
biology. Here, we review our understanding of the diversification of these butterflies, covering …

Balancing selection describes any form of natural selection, which results in the persistence
of multiple variants of a trait at intermediate frequencies within populations. By offering up a …

The wing patterns of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) are diverse and striking examples
of evolutionary diversification by natural selection 1 , 2 . Lepidopteran wing colour patterns …

Chromosomal inversions are ubiquitous in genomes and often coordinate complex phenotypes,
such as the covariation of behavior and morphology in many birds, fishes, insects or …

Butterflies display extreme variation in wing shape associated with tremendous ecological
diversity. Disentangling the role of neutral versus adaptive processes in wing shape …

How natural diversity is maintained is an evolutionary puzzle. Genetic variation can be eroded
by drift and directional selection but some polymorphisms persist for long time periods, …

Explaining the maintenance of adaptive diversity within populations is a long-standing goal
in evolutionary biology, with important implications for conservation, medicine, and …

Genetic dominance in polymorphic loci may respond to selection; however, the evolution of
dominance in complex traits remains a puzzle. We analyse dominance at a wing-patterning …

Dominance is a basic property of inheritance systems describing the link between a diploid
genotype at a single locus and the resulting phenotype. Models for the evolution of …