We are a group of archaeologists, anthropologists, curators and geneticists representing
diverse global communities and 31 countries. All of us met in a virtual workshop dedicated to …

Background Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that
affects almost 250,000 people worldwide. The timing of first infection, geographic origin, and …

In the third millennium BC, the Indus Civilization flourished in northwest India and Pakistan.
The late mature phase (2200-1900 BC) was characterized by long-distance exchange …

Thousands of settlements stippled the third millennium BC landscape of Pakistan and
northwest India. These communities maintained an extensive exchange network that spanned …

Just as modern nation-states struggle to manage the cultural and economic impacts of
migration, ancient civilizations dealt with similar external pressures and set policies to regulate …

Evidence for a reduction in stature between Mesolithic foragers and Neolithic farmers has
been interpreted as reflective of declines in health, however, our current understanding of this …

Living South Asians have low lean tissue mass relative to height, which contributes to their
elevated type 2 diabetes susceptibility, particularly when accompanied by obesity. While …

Situated at over 5,000 meters above sea level in the Himalayan Mountains, Roopkund Lake
is home to the scattered skeletal remains of several hundred individuals of unknown origin. …

Background The Parsis are one of the smallest religious communities in the world. To
understand the population structure and demographic history of this group in detail, we analyzed …

Body mass prediction from the skeleton most commonly employs femoral head diameter (FHD).
However, theoretical predictions and empirical data suggest the relationship between …