Biomining with acidophilic microorganisms has been used at commercial scale for the
extraction of metals from various sulfide ores. With metal demand and energy prices on the rise …

… Author links open overlay panel Nian Liu 1 , Suvi Santala 1 2 , Gregory Stephanopoulos
1 … Suvi Santala was also supported by the Academy of Finland (grant no. 310135, 310188). …

One of the current major driving forces behind instrument development in transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) is the ability to observe materials processes as they occur in situ …

Many traditional approaches for strengthening steels typically come at the expense of useful
ductility, a dilemma known as strength–ductility trade-off. New metallurgical processing …

Protons with energies up to 18 MeV have been measured from high density laser-plasma
interactions at incident laser intensities of 5× 10 19 W/cm 2. Up to 10 12 protons with energies …

Heavy ions with energies up to 430±40 MeV have been measured from laser-solid interactions
at focused intensities of up to 5× 10 19 W/cm 2. Observations of proton emission indicate …

We investigate the influence of the laser prepulse due to amplified spontaneous emission
on the acceleration of protons in thin-foil experiments. We show that changing the prepulse …

When a laser pulse of intensity 10 19 W cm− 2 interacts with solid targets, electrons of
energies of some tens of MeV are produced. In a tantalum target, the electrons generate an …

Novel measurements of electromagnetic radiation above 10 MeV are presented for ultra
intense laser pulse interactions with solids. A bright, highly directional source of γ rays was …

The angular distribution of bremsstrahlung γ rays produced by fast electrons accelerated in
relativistic laser-solid interaction has been studied by photoneutron activation in copper. We …