RATIONALE To elucidate the extent to which the major cultural transformations of farming,
pastoralism, and shifts in the distribution of languages in Eurasia were accompanied by …

The genetic formation of Central and South Asian populations has been unclear because of
an absence of ancient DNA. To address this gap, we generated genome-wide data from 362 …

Metagenomic shotgun sequencing data can identify microbes populating a microbial
community and their proportions, but existing taxonomic profiling methods are inefficient for …

Runs of homozygosity (RoHs) are genomic stretches of a diploid genome that show identical
alleles on both chromosomes. Longer RoHs are unlikely to have arisen by chance but are …

Rationale: Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) accumulation is a hallmark of atherosclerosis
and vascular injury. However, fundamental aspects of proliferation and the phenotypic …

Examining complete gene knockouts within a viable organism can inform on gene function.
We sequenced the exomes of 3222 British adults of Pakistani heritage with high parental …

Mountain gorillas are an endangered great ape subspecies and a prominent focus for
conservation, yet we know little about their genomic diversity and evolutionary past. We …

Heterozygous mutations within homozygous sequences descended from a recent common
ancestor offer a way to ascertain de novo mutations across multiple generations. Using …

We report an ancient genome from the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC). The individual we
sequenced fits as a mixture of people related to ancient Iranians (the largest component) and …

The human skeletal form underlies bipedalism, but the genetic basis of skeletal proportions (SPs)
is not well characterized. We applied deep-learning models to 31,221 x-rays from the …