Infectious diseases are among the strongest selective pressures driving human evolution 1 ,
2 . This includes the single greatest mortality event in recorded history, the first outbreak of …

Individuals from different populations vary considerably in their susceptibility to immune-related
diseases. To understand how genetic variation and natural selection contribute to these …

Relatives have more similar gut microbiomes than nonrelatives, but the degree to which this
similarity results from shared genotypes versus shared environments has been controversial…

DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark thought to be robust to environmental perturbations
on a short time scale. Here, we challenge that view by demonstrating that the infection of …

Coeliac disease is a complex, polygenic inflammatory enteropathy caused by exposure to
dietary gluten that occurs in a subset of genetically susceptible individuals who express either …

DNA methylation is considered to be a relatively stable epigenetic mark. However, a growing
body of evidence indicates that DNA methylation levels can change rapidly; for example, in …

Background The 2’-5’ oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) locus encodes for three OAS
enzymes (OAS1-3) involved in innate immune response. This region harbors high amounts of …

Humans display remarkable interindividual variation in their immune response to identical
challenges. Yet, our understanding of the genetic and epigenetic factors contributing to such …

The contribution of pre-mRNA processing mechanisms to the regulation of immune responses
remains poorly studied despite emerging examples of their role as regulators of immune …

We studied mutations in the mtDNA control region (CR) using deep-rooting French-Canadian
pedigrees. In 508 maternal transmissions, we observed four substitutions (0.0079 per …