The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) system is an adaptive
immune system in prokaryotes. Interference complexes encoded by CRISPR-associated (cas…

Membrane proteins reside in lipid bilayers and are typically extracted from this environment
for study, which often compromises their integrity. In this work, we ejected intact assemblies …

Protein folding in cells is regulated by networks of chaperones, including the heat shock
protein 70 (Hsp70) system, which consists of the Hsp40 cochaperone and a nucleotide …

Proton-translocating vacuolar-type ATPases (V-ATPases) are necessary for numerous
processes in eukaryotic cells, including receptor-mediated endocytosis, protein maturation, and …

Hormone receptors require participation of the chaperones Hsp40/Hsp70 to form client-transfer
complexes with Hsp90/Hop. Interaction with the co-chaperone p23 releases Hop and …

Translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins is key to eukaryotic gene expression
and begins when initiation factor-2 (eIF2) delivers methionyl initiator tRNA (Met-tRNA i Met) to …

ATP synthases (ATPases) are enzymes that produce ATP and control the pH in the cell or
cellular compartments. While highly conserved over different species, ATPases are structurally …

Translation initiation in eukaryotes requires the interplay of at least 10 initiation factors that
interact at the different steps of this phase of gene expression. The interactions of initiation …

The Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperone cycles depend on the coordinated interplay of several co-chaperones
including Hsp40, Hop and peptidyl-prolyl isomerases such as FKBP52. Because of …

Mitochondrial F o F 1 ATP synthase is a membrane bound molecular machine central to
cellular energy conversion and cristae architecture. Recently, a novel domain has been …