Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health
problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated …

Archaeogenetic studies have described the formation of Eurasian ‘steppe ancestry’ as a
mixture of Eastern and Caucasus hunter-gatherers. However, it remains unclear when and …

Archaeological and archaeogenetic evidence points to the Pontic–Caspian steppe zone
between the Caucasus and the Black Sea as the crucible from which the earliest steppe …

It has been hypothesized that the Neolithic transition towards an agricultural and pastoralist
economy facilitated the emergence of human-adapted pathogens. Here, we recovered eight …

The flanks of the Caucasus Mountains and the steppe landscape to their north offered highly
productive grasslands for Bronze Age herders and their flocks of sheep, goat, and cattle. …

Archaeogenetic studies have described the formation of Eurasian ‘steppe ancestry’ as a
mixture of Eastern and Caucasus hunter-gatherers. However, it remains unclear when and …

Innovation is the social act of appropriating new practices or techniques into an existing life.
During the late 4th millennium BC, the populations of the North Caucasus and the …

Molecular networks guide the biochemistry of a living cell on multiple levels: Its metabolic
and signaling pathways are shaped by the network of interacting proteins, whose production, …

In 2011, the North Caucasian expedition of the Institute of Archaeology RAS in the Republic
of Adygea excavated three mounds at the Dysh IV cemetery of the Scythian period. The …

The author examines the tradition of use of Sindian-Maeotian blade weapons. Their genesis
began in the first half of the fifth century BC, as it was demonstrated by the recent research. …