Motor proteins in the kinesin-8 family depolymerize microtubules in a length-dependent
manner that may be crucial for controlling the length of organelles such as the mitotic spindle. …

In vitro assays that reconstitute the dynamic behavior of microtubules provide insight into the
roles of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) in regulating the growth, shrinkage, and …

The vestibular apparatus provides animals with postural and movement-related information
that is essential to adequately execute numerous sensorimotor tasks. In order to activate this …

Animals continuously gather sensory cues to move towards favourable environments.
Efficient goal-directed navigation requires sensory perception and motor commands to be …

In many applications high‐resolution video‐enhanced differential interference contrast
microscopy is used to visualize and track the ends of single microtubules. We show that single …

Friction limits the operation of macroscopic engines and is critical to the performance of
micromechanical devices. We report measurements of friction in a biological nanomachine. …

Microtubules are dynamic filaments whose ends alternate between periods of slow growth
and rapid shortening as they explore intracellular space and move organelles. A key question …

In an optical trap, micron-sized dielectric particles are held by a tightly focused laser beam.
The optical force on the particle is composed of an attractive gradient force and a …

Two-photon microscopy offers the promise of monitoring brain activity at multiple locations
within intact tissue. However, serial sampling of voxels has been difficult to reconcile with …

Kinesin-1 motor proteins walk parallel to the protofilament axes of microtubules as they step
from one tubulin dimer to the next. Is protofilament tracking an inherent property of …