PTEN is a tumor suppressor with sequence homology to protein tyrosine phosphatases and
the cytoskeletal protein tensin. mPTEN-mutant mouse embryos display regions of increased …

The anti-diabetic drug metformin is rapidly emerging as a potential anti-cancer agent.
Metformin, effective in treating type 2 diabetes and the insulin resistance syndromes, improves …

Background Exposing eukaryotic cells to lithium ions (Li + ) during development has marked
effects on cell fate and organization. The phenotypic consequences of Li + treatment on …

Initially identified in high-grade gliomas, mutations in the PTEN tumor-suppressor are also
found in many sporadic cancers and a few related autosomal dominant hamartoma …

PTEN is one of the most commonly mutated tumor suppressor genes in human cancer.
PTEN mutations have been implicated in the development of a variety of human neoplasia,…

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a protein-serine kinase implicated in cell-fate
determination and differentiation, phosphorylates several regulatory proteins that are activated by …

Background: Germ-line and sporadic mutations in the tumor suppressor gene PTEN (also
known as MMAC or TEP1), which encodes a dual-specificity phosphatase, cause a variety of …

Biguanides have been developed for the treatment of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes.
Recently, metformin, the most widely prescribed biguanide, has emerged as a potential …

Phagocytosis is a highly localized and rapid event, requiring the generation of spatially and
temporally restricted signals. Because phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) plays an …

Importance Metformin, a biguanide commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes, has been
associated with potential beneficial effects across breast cancer subtypes in observational and …