Carbonate rocks from the Middle Ediacaran period in locations all over the globe record the
largest excursion in carbon isotopic compositions in Earth history. This finding suggests a …

The origin of oxygenic photosynthesis was the most important metabolic innovation in Earth
history. It allowed life to generate energy and reducing power directly from sunlight and water…

What allows a planet to be both within a potentially habitable zone and sustain habitability
over long geologic time? With the advent of exoplanetary astronomy and the ongoing …

Physiological research aimed at understanding current global change provides a basis for
evaluating selective survivorship associated with Permo-Triassic mass extinction. …

The oxygenation of Earth’s surface fundamentally altered global biogeochemical cycles and
ultimately paved the way for the rise of metazoans at the end of the Proterozoic. However, …

Understanding ancient climate changes is hampered by the inability to disentangle trends
in ocean temperature from trends in continental ice volume. We used carbonate “clumped” …

The macronutrient phosphorus is thought to limit primary productivity in the oceans on geological
timescales 1 . Although there has been a sustained effort to reconstruct the dynamics of …

The origin of oxygenic photosynthesis in Cyanobacteria led to the rise of oxygen on Earth ~2.3
billion years ago, profoundly altering the course of evolution by facilitating the …

INTRODUCTION The primary goal of NASA’s Curiosity rover mission is to explore and
quantitatively assess a local region on Mars’ surface as a potential habitat for past or present life. …

The emergence of oxygen-producing (oxygenic) photosynthesis fundamentally transformed
our planet; however, the processes that led to the evolution of biological water splitting have …