Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy is a label-free imaging technique
that is capable of real-time, nonperturbative examination of living cells and organisms …

… of p(x) with a < 1 that we measured for the repressed lac operon is distinct from p(x) with a >
… For a < 1, p(x) peaks at zero and a large fraction of cells contains no β-gal regardless of the …

RECENT advances in near-field 1 and far-field 2,3 fluorescence microscopy have made it
possible to image single molecules and measure their emission 3,4 and excitation 5 spectra …

Label-free chemical contrast is highly desirable in biomedical imaging. Spontaneous
Raman microscopy provides specific vibrational signatures of chemical bonds, but is often …

A multiphoton microscopy based on coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering is accomplished
with near-infrared ultrashort laser pulses. We demonstrate vibrational imaging of chemical …

Enzymatic turnovers of single cholesterol oxidase molecules were observed in real time by
monitoring the emission from the enzyme's fluorescent active site, flavin adenine dinucleotide …

We propose a scheme for optical trapping and alignment of dielectric particles in aqueous
environments at the nanometer scale. The scheme is based on the highly enhanced electric …

We directly observed real-time production of single protein molecules in individual Escherichia
coli cells. A fusion protein of a fast-maturing yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and a …

▪ Abstract Recent developments in optical studies of single molecules at room temperature
are reviewed, with an emphasis on the underlying principles and the potential of single-…

BACKGROUND Biomolecules can serve as natural labels for microscopy by measuring
their molecular vibration spectra in living cells and tissues. However, the transition from …