We generated induced excitatory neurons (iNeurons, iNs) from chimpanzee, bonobo, and
human stem cells by expressing the transcription factor neurogenin-2 (NGN2). Single-cell …

Cancer harbors variable heterogeneity and plasticity. Thus far, our comprehension is greatly
based on cell lines, organoids, and patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDTXs). Organoids …

Axon specification during neuronal polarization is closely associated with increased
microtubule stabilization in one of the neurites of unpolarized neuron, but how this increased …

Brain organoids have been used to recapitulate the processes of brain development and
related diseases. However, the lack of vasculatures, which regulate neurogenesis and brain …

Background Identification of gene variants plays an important role in research on and
diagnosis of genetic diseases. A combination of enrichment of targeted genes and next-generation …

10.7554/eLife.18197.001 Cortical expansion and folding are often linked to the evolution of
higher intelligence, but molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cortical folding …

Genomic changes during human linage evolution contribute to the expansion of the cerebral
cortex to allow more advanced thought processes. The hominoid-specific gene TBC1D3 …

The cerebellum is critical for controlling motor and non-motor functions via cerebellar circuit
that is composed of defined cell types, which approximately account for more than half of …

We analyze the metabolomes of humans, chimpanzees, and macaques in muscle, kidney
and three different regions of the brain. Although several compounds in amino acid …

Background Neural stem cells offer potential treatment for neurodegenerative disorders,
such like Alzheimer's disease (AD). While much progress has been made in understanding …