Cell‐free translation systems have developed significantly over the last two decades and
improvements in yield have resulted in their use for protein production in the laboratory. These …

Attempts to construct an artificial cell have widened our understanding of living organisms.
Many intracellular systems have been reconstructed by assembling molecules, however the …

Synthetic biology is an emerging field that aims at constructing artificial biological systems
by combining engineering and molecular biology approaches. One of the most ambitious …

Cell-free gene expression systems are biotechnological tools for the in vitro production of
proteins of interest. The addition of membrane vesicles (liposomes) enables the production of …

In this mini-review we would like to summarize the recent advances in the field of protein
and nucleic acid synthesis inside lipid vesicles (liposomes). This research, which originated …

In a significant step towards the construction of the semi-synthetic minimal cell, a protein
expression system with a minimal set of pure and specific enzymes is required. A novel cell-free …

… 7 Kohei Sasaki,4 Yosuke Kuruma,1 Naoki Mizuno,1 Moe Suzuki,1 Yoshiharu Okada,1 Risa
Ieda,1 … x and y axes indicate positions in our reference sequence of the amberjack sex-linked …

Construction of living artificial cells from genes and molecules can expand our understanding
of life system and establish a new aspect of bioengineering. However, growth and division …

Recent developments in bottom-up synthetic biology (eg, lipid vesicle technology integrated
with cell-free protein expression systems) allow the generation of semi-synthetic minimal …

Difficulties in constructing complex lipid/protein membranes have severely limited the
development of functional artificial cells endowed with vital membrane‐related functions. The Sec …