Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been one of the major nosocomial
pathogens to cause frequent and serious infections that are associated with various …

Objectives Lidocaine is the most commonly used local anaesthetic in clinical and can inhibit
proliferation, suppress invasion and migration and induce apoptosis in human lung …

Background Exposure to anesthetics during early life may impair cognitive functions. However,
the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. We set out to determine effects of …

Background/Aims: Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a major stress-response
transcription factor that has been implicated in regulating ischemic angiogenesis. We …

Clinical surgical practices have found that children who undergo multiple anesthesia may
have an increased risk of deficiencies in cognition and fine motor control. Here, we report that …

Glucocorticoids can promote cardiomyocyte maturation. However, the mechanism underlying
glucocorticoid-mediated cardiomyocyte maturation is still unclear. Mitophagy plays a key …

Clinical investigations to date have proposed the possibility that exposure to anesthetics is
associated with neurodevelopmental deficits. Sevoflurane is the most commonly used …

EditordAnaesthetic exposure leads to increased lactate levels in the blood and brain of children
and experimental animals. 1, 2 Lactate is a product of glycolysis, the pathway activated …

Surgical smoke is widespread in operating rooms, and fine particles are the main toxic
components. However, the effect of fine particles in surgical smoke on embryonic development …

Over the last three decades, advances in medical and surgical techniques have proven life
saving and life-improving for young children. Consequently, early and repeated exposure to …