During eukaryotic translation initiation, 43S complexes, comprising a 40S ribosomal subunit,
initiator transfer RNA and initiation factors (eIF) 2, 3, 1 and 1A, attach to the 5′-terminal …

Eukaryotic translation initiation begins with assembly of a 43S preinitiation complex. First,
methionylated initiator methionine transfer RNA (Met-tRNA i Met ), eukaryotic initiation factor (…

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) messenger RNAs contain
related (HCV-like) internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) that promote 5′-end independent …

Ribosomes, the protein factories of living cells, translate genetic information carried by
messenger RNAs into proteins, and are thus involved in virtually all aspects of cellular …

ABC-F proteins have evaded functional characterization even though they compose one of
the most widely distributed branches of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily. Herein, …

Protein synthesis is mediated via numerous molecules including the ribosome, mRNA, tRNAs,
as well as translation initiation, elongation and release factors. Some of these factors play …

mRNA translation initiation in eukaryotes requires the cooperation of a dozen eukaryotic
initiation factors (eIFs) forming several complexes, which leads to mRNA attachment to the …

Mitochondria are responsible for energy production through aerobic respiration, and represent
the powerhouse of eukaryotic cells. Their metabolism and gene expression processes …

Nucleic acids are polyanionic molecules that were historically considered to be solely
surrounded by a shell of water molecules and a neutralizing cloud of monovalent and divalent …

Mitochondria are the powerhouse of eukaryotic cells. They possess their own gene
expression machineries where highly divergent and specialized ribosomes, named hereafter …